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CLASSIFICATION OF OPERATING SYSTEMS


Operating systems can be classified into different types based on their interface, user friendliness, and functionality. Different types of operating systems are:
  1. Character user interface (CUI)-based operating systems
  2. Graphical user interface (GUI)-based operating systems
  3. Single-user operating systems
  4. Multi-user operating systems
  5. Single-tasking operating systems
  6. Multitasking operating systems
  7. Real-time operating systems

1. Character User Interface (CUI)-Based Operating Systems:
MS-DOS and UNIX (not newer Linux)
Such an interface is also called a Command-Line Interface (CLI).
2. Graphical User Interface (GUI)-Based Operating Systems
GUI-based operating systems are easy to use because the user can click menus and icons rather than type cryptic commands. Users can use a device called a mouse to select an application, after which the operating system will load and run it. In comparison to a CUI-based operating system, a GUI based operating system is slower and needs more hard disk space but is more user friendly.
3. Single-User Operating Systems
Operating systems performed on personal computers are examples of single-user operating systems. MS-DOS, Win95, and Win98 are examples of single-user operating systems. Also WinME and Win3.x WinXP, WinNT4 Workstation
4. Multi-User Operating Systems
A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to work simultaneously on the operating system. Linux, UNIX, and Windows NT4 Server are examples of multi-user operating systems. Also Win2000 Server, Win2003 Server
5. Single-Tasking Operating Systems
A single-tasking operating system can support only a single task at any time. In such single tasking environments, the task execution is sequential. An example of a single-tasking operating system is MS-DOS.
6. Multitasking Operating Systems
A multitasking operating system also multitasks by executing more than one task at a time. In such systems, the processor divides its time to execute multiple tasks. This division of time is termed time-sharing. An example of a multitasking system is Windows 95. It can handle simultaneous execution of multiple tasks by sharing its resources such as memory and microprocessors
7. Real-Time Operating Systems
Real-time Operating Systems (RTOSs) are operating systems that need to respond to inputs within a defined time period and have a predictable behavior. RTOSs have less user-interface capability. RTOSs are a part of video games, CD players, washing machines, and reservation systems. Lynx OS is a real-time operating system.

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