Moving within a File: : Vi Editor

To move around within a file without affecting your text, you must be in command mode (press Esc twice). Here are some of the commands you can use to move around one character at a time:

Command	Description
k	Moves the cursor up one line.
j	Moves the cursor down one line.
h	Moves the cursor to the left one character position.
l	Moves the cursor to the right one character position.

There are following two important points to be noted:

The vi is case-sensitive, so you need to pay special attention to capitalization when using commands.
Most commands in vi can be prefaced by the number of times you want the action to occur. For example, 2j moves cursor two lines down the cursor location.

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IP ADDRESS CLASSES

IP address classes Class 1 st Octet Decimal Range 1 st Octet High Order Bits Network/Host ID (N=Network, H=Host) Default Subnet Mask Number of Networks Hosts per Network (Usable Addresses) A 1 – 126* 0 N.H.H.H 255.0.0.0 126 (2 7 – 2) 16,777,214 (2 24 – 2) B 128 – 191 10 N.N.H.H 255.255.0.0 16,382 (2 14 – 2) 65,534 (2 16 – 2) C 192 – 223 110 N.N.N.H 255.255.255.0 2,097,150 (2 21 – 2) 254 (2 8 – 2) D 224 – 239 1110 Reserved for Multicasting E 240 – 254 1111 Experimental; used for research Note: Class A addresses 127.0.0.0 to 127.255.255.255 cannot be used and is reserved for loopback and diagnostic functions. Private IP Addresses Class Private Networks Subnet Mask Addr...

UNIX/LINUX COMMAND

Unix / Linux Command cat --- for creating and displaying short files chmod --- change permissions cd --- change directory cp --- for copying files date --- display date echo --- echo argument ftp --- connect to a remote machine to download or upload files grep --- search file head --- display first part of file ls --- see what files you have lpr --- standard print command (see also print ) more --- use to read files mkdir --- create directory mv --- for moving and renaming files ncftp --- especially good for downloading files via anonymous ftp . print --- custom print command (see also lpr ) pwd --- find out what directory you are in rm --- remove a file rmdir --- remove directory rsh --- remote shell setenv --- set an environment variable sort --- sort file tail --- display last part of file ta...

COMPARISON AMONG OS:

Operating systems are generally not hardware dependent, but the hardware configurations required to use them can vary. Based on their features, these operating systems can be compared in the following ways: MS-DOS Microsoft Windows UNIX and Sun Solaris Linux Novell NetWare Apple Macintosh MS-DOS The MS-DOS operating system is a Microsoft product designed for IBM-compatible computers. The first version of DOS, MS-DOS v1.0 released in 1981, was a simplistic version of the operating system. From then onwards, various updated and sophisticated versions of DOS have been released. MS-DOS is a popular CUI-based operating system. FEATURES: It is a 16-bit operating system, which means that it can send or receive 16 bits of information to the microprocessor for processing 16 bits of data. It is a single-user and single-tasking operating system. It is easy to load and install. DISADVANTAGES: It is a command-line operating system, which means that you have to enter singl...

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